1. Disable Windows Auto Tuning Level
2. Receive Window Auto-tuning Level Windows 10
3. Windows Auto Tuning Windows 10
4. Receive Window Auto-tuning Level Windows 7 Free
5. Receive Window Auto-tuning Level Windows 7 8

Windows Vista includes the Receive Window Auto-Tuning feature which improves performance for programs that receive TCP data over a network. However, this feature is disabled by default for programs that use the Windows HTTP Services (WinHTTP) interface. Some examples of programs that use WinHTTP include Automatic Updates, Windows Update, Remote Desktop. Oct 05, 2012 The Receive Window Auto-Tuning feature lets the operating system continually monitor routing conditions such as bandwidth, network delay, and application delay. Therefore, the operating system can configure connections by scaling the TCP receive window to maximize the network performance. To determine the optimal receive window size, the Receive Window Auto-Tuning feature measures the products. Jul 05, 2007 Hi, my name is Katarzyna and I am the Program Manager within the Internet Protocols team. I have been asked a few times about the Receive Window Auto-Tuning feature on Vista and some associated issues people are having. One of the many cool new features on Windows Vista, Receive Window Auto-Tuning enables the networking stack.

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TCP Receive Window Auto-Tuning. Prior to Windows Server 2008, the network stack used a fixed-size receive-side window that limited the overall potential throughput for connections. One of the most significant changes to the TCP stack is TCP receive window auto-tuning. You can calculate the total throughput of a single connection when you use. Aug 12, 2016 An Update on Windows TCP AutoTuningLevel Posted: 12 Aug 2016 Like all modern operating systems Windows has receive window auto-tuning to dynamically adjust the receive buffer size to the throughput and latency of the link.

Applies to: Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server (Semi-Annual Channel)

Use the information in this topic to tune the performance network adapters for computers that are running Windows Server 2016 and later versions. If your network adapters provide tuning options, you can use these options to optimize network throughput and resource usage.

The correct tuning settings for your network adapters depend on the following variables:

• The network adapter and its feature set
• The type of workload that the server performs
• The server hardware and software resources
• Your performance goals for the server

The following sections describe some of your performance tuning options.

Enabling offload features

Turning on network adapter offload features is usually beneficial. However, the network adapter might not be powerful enough to handle the offload capabilities with high throughput.

Important

Do not use the offload features IPsec Task Offload or TCP Chimney Offload. These technologies are deprecated in Windows Server 2016, and might adversely affect server and networking performance. In addition, these technologies might not be supported by Microsoft in the future.

For example, consider a network adapter that has limited hardware resources.In that case, enabling segmentation offload features might reduce the maximum sustainable throughput of the adapter. Precision tune auto care pelham al. However, if the reduced throughput is acceptable, you should go ahead an enable the segmentation offload features.

Note

Some network adapters require you to enable offload features independently for the send and receive paths.

Enabling receive-side scaling (RSS) for web servers

RSS can improve web scalability and performance when there are fewer network adapters than logical processors on the server. When all the web traffic is going through the RSS-capable network adapters, the server can process incoming web requests from different connections simultaneously across different CPUs.

Important

Avoid using both non-RSS network adapters and RSS-capable network adapters on the same server. Because of the load distribution logic in RSS and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), performance might be severely degraded if a non-RSS-capable network adapter accepts web traffic on a server that has one or more RSS-capable network adapters. In this circumstance, you should use RSS-capable network adapters or disable RSS on the network adapter properties Advanced Properties tab.

To determine whether a network adapter is RSS-capable, you can view the RSS information on the network adapter properties Advanced Properties tab.

RSS Profiles and RSS Queues

The default RSS predefined profile is NUMAStatic, which differs from the default that the previous versions of Windows used. Before you start using RSS profiles, review the available profiles to understand when they are beneficial and how they apply to your network environment and hardware.

For example, if you open Task Manager and review the logical processors on your server, and they seem to be underutilized for receive traffic, you can try increasing the number of RSS queues from the default of two to the maximum that your network adapter supports. Your network adapter might have options to change the number of RSS queues as part of the driver.

Increasing network adapter resources

For network adapters that allow you to manually configure resources such as receive and send buffers, you should increase the allocated resources.

Some network adapters set their receive buffers low to conserve allocated memory from the host. The low value results in dropped packets and decreased performance. Therefore, for receive-intensive scenarios, we recommend that you increase the receive buffer value to the maximum.

Note

If a network adapter does not expose manual resource configuration, either it dynamically configures the resources, or the resources are set to a fixed value that cannot be changed.

Enabling interrupt moderation

To control interrupt moderation, some network adapters expose different interrupt moderation levels, different buffer coalescing parameters (sometimes separately for send and receive buffers), or both.

You should consider interrupt moderation for CPU-bound workloads. When using interrupt moderation, consider the trade-off between the host CPU savings and latency versus the increased host CPU savings because of more interrupts and less latency. If the network adapter does not perform interrupt moderation, but it does expose buffer coalescing, you can improve performance by increasing the number of coalesced buffers to allow more buffers per send or receive.

Performance tuning for low-latency packet processing

Many network adapters provide options to optimize operating system-induced latency. Latency is the elapsed time between the network driver processing an incoming packet and the network driver sending the packet back. This time is usually measured in microseconds. For comparison, the transmission time for packet transmissions over long distances is usually measured in milliseconds (an order of magnitude larger). This tuning will not reduce the time a packet spends in transit.

Following are some performance tuning suggestions for microsecond-sensitive networks.

• Set the computer BIOS to High Performance, with C-states disabled. However, note that this is system and BIOS dependent, and some systems will provide higher performance if the operating system controls power management. You can check and adjust your power management settings from Settings or by using the powercfg command. For more information, see Powercfg Command-Line Options.

• Set the operating system power management profile to High Performance System.

  Note

  This setting does not work properly if the system BIOS has been set to disable operating system control of power management.

• Enable static offloads. For example, enable the UDP Checksums, TCP Checksums, and Send Large Offload (LSO) settings.

• If the traffic is multi-streamed, such as when receiving high-volume multicast traffic, enable RSS.

• Disable the Interrupt Moderation setting for network card drivers that require the lowest possible latency. Remember, this configuration can use more CPU time and it represents a tradeoff.

• Handle network adapter interrupts and DPCs on a core processor that shares CPU cache with the core that is being used by the program (user thread) that is handling the packet. CPU affinity tuning can be used to direct a process to certain logical processors in conjunction with RSS configuration to accomplish this. Using the same core for the interrupt, DPC, and user mode thread exhibits worse performance as load increases because the ISR, DPC, and thread contend for the use of the core.

System management interrupts

Many hardware systems use System Management Interrupts (SMI) for a variety of maintenance functions, such as reporting error correction code (ECC) memory errors, maintaining legacy USB compatibility, controlling the fan, and managing BIOS-controlled power settings.

The SMI is the highest-priority interrupt on the system, and places the CPU in a management mode. This mode preempts all other activity while SMI runs an interrupt service routine, typically contained in BIOS.

Unfortunately, this behavior can result in latency spikes of 100 microseconds or more.

If you need to achieve the lowest latency, you should request a BIOS version from your hardware provider that reduces SMIs to the lowest degree possible. These BIOS versions are frequently referred to as 'low latency BIOS' or 'SMI free BIOS.' In some cases, it is not possible for a hardware platform to eliminate SMI activity altogether because it is used to control essential functions (for example, cooling fans).

Note

The operating system cannot control SMIs because the logical processor is running in a special maintenance mode, which prevents operating system intervention.

Performance tuning TCP

You can use the following items to tune TCP performance.

TCP receive window autotuning

In Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, and later versions of Windows, the Windows network stack uses a feature that is named TCP receive window autotuning level to negotiate the TCP receive window size. This feature can negotiate a defined receive window size for every TCP communication during the TCP Handshake.

In earlier versions of Windows, the Windows network stack used a fixed-size receive window (65,535 bytes) that limited the overall potential throughput for connections. The total achievable throughput of TCP connections could limit network usage scenarios. TCP receive window autotuning enables these scenarios to fully use the network.

For a TCP receive window that has a particular size, you can use the following equation to calculate the total throughput of a single connection.

/3utools-is-one-of-my-fav.html. Total achievable throughput in bytes = TCP receive window size in bytes * (1 / connection latency in seconds)

For example, for a connection that has a latency of 10 ms, the total achievable throughput is only 51 Mbps. This value is reasonable for a large corporate network infrastructure. However, by using autotuning to adjust the receive window, the connection can achieve the full line rate of a 1-Gbps connection.

Some applications define the size of the TCP receive window. If the application does not define the receive window size, the link speed determines the size as follows:

• Less than 1 megabit per second (Mbps): 8 kilobytes (KB)
• 1 Mbps to 100 Mbps: 17 KB
• 100 Mbps to 10 gigabits per second (Gbps): 64 KB
• 10 Gbps or faster: 128 KB

For example, on a computer that has a 1-Gbps network adapter installed, the window size should be 64 KB.

This feature also makes full use of other features to improve network performance. These features include the rest of the TCP options that are defined in RFC 1323. By using these features, Windows-based computers can negotiate TCP receive window sizes that are smaller but are scaled at a defined value, depending on the configuration. This behavior the sizes easier to handle for networking devices.

Note

You may experience an issue in which the network device is not compliant with the TCP window scale option, as defined in RFC 1323 and, therefore, doesn't support the scale factor. In such cases, refer to this KB 934430, Network connectivity fails when you try to use Windows Vista behind a firewall device or contact the Support team for your network device vendor.

Review and configure TCP receive window autotuning level

You can use either netsh commands or Windows PowerShell cmdlets to review or modify the TCP receive window autotuning level.

Note

Unlike in versions of Windows that pre-date Windows 10 or Windows Server 2019, you can no longer use the registry to configure the TCP receive window size. For more information about the deprecated settings, see Deprecated TCP parameters.

Note

For detailed information about the available autotuning levels, see Autotuning levels.

To use netsh to review or modify the autotuning level

To review the current settings, open a Command Prompt window and run the following command:

The output of this command should resemble the following:

To modify the setting, run the following command at the command prompt:

Note

In the preceding command, <Value> represents the new value for the auto tuning level.

For more information about this command, see Netsh commands for Interface Transmission Control Protocol.

To use Powershell to review or modify the autotuning level

To review the current settings, open a PowerShell window and run the following cmdlet.

The output of this cmdlet should resemble the following.

To modify the setting, run the following cmdlet at the PowerShell command prompt.

Note

In the preceding command, <Value> represents the new value for the auto tuning level.

For more information about these cmdlets, see the following articles:

Disable Windows Auto Tuning Level

Autotuning levels

You can set receive window autotuning to any of five levels. The default level is Normal. The following table describes the levels.

Level	Hexadecimal value	Comments
Normal (default)	0x8 (scale factor of 8)	Set the TCP receive window to grow to accommodate almost all scenarios.
Disabled	No scale factor available	Set the TCP receive window at its default value.
Restricted	0x4 (scale factor of 4)	Set the TCP receive window to grow beyond its default value, but limit such growth in some scenarios.
Highly Restricted	0x2 (scale factor of 2)	Set the TCP receive window to grow beyond its default value, but do so very conservatively.
Experimental	0xE (scale factor of 14)	Set the TCP receive window to grow to accommodate extreme scenarios.

If you use an application to capture network packets, the application should report data that resembles the following for different window autotuning level settings.

• Autotuning level: Normal (default state)

• Autotuning level: Disabled

• Autotuning level: Restricted

• Autotuning level: Highly restricted

• Autotuning level: Experimental

Deprecated TCP parameters

The following registry settings from Windows Server 2003 are no longer supported, and are ignored in later versions.

• TcpWindowSize
• NumTcbTablePartitions
• MaxHashTableSize

All of these settings were located in the following registry subkey:

Receive Window Auto-tuning Level Windows 10

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESystemCurrentControlSetServicesTcpipParameters

Windows Filtering Platform

Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 introduced the Windows Filtering Platform (WFP). WFP provides APIs to non-Microsoft independent software vendors (ISVs) to create packet processing filters. Examples include firewall and antivirus software.

Note

A poorly-written WFP filter can significantly decrease a server's networking performance. For more information, see Porting Packet-Processing Drivers and Apps to WFP in the Windows Dev Center.

For links to all topics in this guide, see Network Subsystem Performance Tuning.

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Hi, my name is Katarzyna and I am the Program Manager within the Internet Protocols team. I have been asked a few times about the Receive Window Auto-Tuning feature on Vista and some associated issues people are having.

One of the many cool new features on Windows Vista, Receive Window Auto-Tuning enables the networking stack to receive data more efficiently than on XP. Auto-Tuning allows the operating system to continually monitor the routing conditions (bandwidth, network delay, application delay) and configure connections (scale the TCP Receiving Window) so as to maximize the network performance.In some high bandwidth, high latency links, we have seen SMB performance improvement up to 20 times!

In every TCP packet there is a 'window' field, which informs the receiver how much data the sender can accept back. This window controls the flow by setting a threshold on data kept 'in flight' and prevents overwhelming the receiver with data that it cannot accept.

The TCP window field is 16 bits wide, allowing for a maximum window size of 64KB, which used to meet requirements of many older networks. Nowadays, however, network interfaces can handle larger packets and keep more of them in flight at any given time. Thus, a larger TCP window has become necessary; especially on high-speed, high latency networks. To fill such a long, fat pipe and make use of the available bandwidth, the sending system can often require very large windows for good performance.

The solution to this demand is called 'window scaling”, described back in 1992 in RFC 1323. It introduces an eight-bit scale factor, which serves as a multiplication factor for the window width. After the factor has been negotiated, window values used by that system on a given connection will be shifted to the left by that scale factor; a window scale of zero, thus, implies no scaling at all, while a scale factor of six implies that window sizes should be shifted six bits, thus multiplied by 2^6 = 64. Now a window greater than 64KB can be easily expressed (e.g., 128KB) by setting the scale factor (e.g., 6) and keeping the window field under the original 16 bits (here, 2048).

The window size included in all packets is modified by the scale factor, which is negotiated once at the very beginning of a TCP connection. The connection requestor suggests window scaling factor in its original SYN packet and if the SYN+ACK packet sent in response contains the option, then this particular value will be used on this connection. The scale factor cannot be changed after the initial setup handshake; remaining data transfers on this connection will implicitly use the negotiated value.

Windows Auto Tuning Windows 10

Older routers and firewalls however do not handle window scaling correctly leaving the option in the original SYN packet but setting the connection’s scale factor to zero. Seeing the option on, the receiver responds with its own window scale factor. Believing that its scale factor has been accepted, the initiator scales the window appropriately while the receiver thinks that a scale factor of zero is applied and thus a small window of data should follow. As a result, the communication is slow at best. Sometimes, small window packets are dropped by the routers, essentially breaking the connection.

The resulting slow data transfers or loss of connectivity, users may experience as slow or hung networking applications. Remote Desktop Connection and network file copy are two scenarios particularly hurt by misbehaving routers.

If your connection from a Vista machine appears slow or hung, here are some steps to isolate the cause:

Receive Window Auto-tuning Level Windows 7 Free

• First, make sure that your firewall and router can support window scaling. Some devices from Linksys, Cisco, NetApp, SonicWall, Netgear, Checkpoint, D-Link were reported as having problems with window scaling. (Some of the incompatible devices are given here. You can check with the manufacturer or run the connectivity diagnostic suite (especially, TCP High Performance Test) provided by Microsoft to determine your gateway device’s compliance.
• Second, check with the manufacturer if a firmware update has been issued for your device that can fix the problem. Replace the problematic device or update the firmware as suggested by the manufacturer. If the router cannot be replaced or if it the device is remote (e.g., a firewall of your ISP or corporation)
• Third, If the problem still persists, you can restrict autotuning by running “netsh interface tcp set global autotuninglevel=restricted” from the command prompt. We have found that restricted mode will often allow some of the benefits of autotuning with a number of problematic devices.
• Lastly, if all else fails, in order to disable this feature, run 'netsh interface tcp set global autotuninglevel=disabled'.
• (In order to reenable autotuning, run “netsh interface tcp set global autotuninglevel=normal” .)

Please refer to the following KB articles for more information:

-- Katarzyna

Receive Window Auto-tuning Level Windows 7 8

Updated: Broken link to KB 932170
Update 2: Changed the guidance to do restricted before disabled.
Update 3: tunning doesn't have two 'n's. :)
Update 4: no really, tuning doesn't have two 'n's.